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Item type: Item , Co-infection with bovine herpesvirus type 1 and bovine leukemia virus in dairy cattle in Cajamarca, Peru: A seroprevalence study(University of Mosul, 2025) Cueva Rodriguez, M.; Bazán-Arce, J.; Torres-Caruajulca, V.G.; Infante-Mendo, M.S.; Coronado, J.F.; Niño-Ramos, J.; Tayca-Saldaña, A.; Alvarez-García, W.; Quilcate-Pairazamán, C.; Rodríguez-Chávez, J.; Alvarado, W.Bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BoHV-1) and bovine leukemia virus (BLV) are among the most important pathogens affecting dairy cattle, causing significant economic losses worldwide. The present study determined the seroprevalence of IBR (Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis) and BLV in dairy herds in Cajamarca, Peru. A total of 464 animals were sampled, and the presence of antibodies against BoHV1 and BLV was determined using commercial indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (I-ELISA) kits. Among the sampled animals, the overall seroprevalence was 8.84% (95% CI: 0.5–35.12) for BoHV1 and 7.54% (95% CI: 5.13–9.95) for BLV. The highest BLV seroprevalence was observed in Cajamarca (23.68%), while no positive cases were detected in four provinces. Regarding BoHV1 seroprevalence, it was highest in Cajamarca (26.32%) and Santa Cruz (28.13%), with no cases detected in five of the ten provinces evaluated. This indicates that seroprevalence rates varied among the different provinces studied. Furthermore, 3.66% (95% CI: 1.95-5.38) of the animals tested positive for both BoHV1 and BLV, indicating that they were infected with both viruses simultaneously. The study found that BoHV1 and BLV infections are widespread in numerous provinces of the Cajamarca region, making it necessary to undertake control programmes to prevent the further spread of those two viruses in bovine.Item type: Item , Phylogenomic analysis provides diagnostic tools for the identification of Anastrepha fraterculus (Diptera: Tephritidae) species complex(Wiley, 2023) Congrains, C.; Dupuis, J.R.; Rodriguez, E.J.; Norrbom, A.L.; Steck, G.; Sutton, B.; Nolazco, N.; de Brito, R.A.; Geib, S.M.Insect pests cause tremendous impact to agriculture worldwide. Species identification is crucial for implementing appropriate measures of pest control but can be challenging in closely related species. True fruit flies of the genus Anastrepha Schiner (Diptera: Tephritidae) include some of the most serious agricultural pests in the Americas, with the Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann) complex being one of the most important due to its extreme polyphagy and wide distribution across most of the New World tropics and subtropics. The eight morphotypes described for this complex as well as other closely related species are classified in the fraterculus species group, whose evolutionary relationships are unresolved due to incomplete lineage sorting and introgression. We performed multifaceted phylogenomic approaches using thousands of genes to unravel the evolutionary relationships within the A. fraterculus complex to provide a baseline for molecular diagnosis of these pests. We used a methodology that accommodates variable sources of data (transcriptome, genome, and whole-genome shotgun sequencing) and developed a tool to align and filter orthologs, generating reliable datasets for phylogenetic studies. We inferred 3031 gene trees that displayed high levels of discordance. Nevertheless, the topologies of the inferred coalescent species trees were consistent across methods and datasets, except for one lineage in the A. fraterculus complex. Furthermore, network analysis indicated introgression across lineages in the fraterculus group. We present a robust phylogeny of the group that provides insights into the intricate patterns of evolution of the A. fraterculus complex supporting the hypothesis that this complex is an assemblage of closely related cryptic lineages that have evolved under interspecific gene flow. Despite this complex evolutionary scenario, our subsampling analysis revealed that a set of as few as 80 loci has a similar phylogenetic resolution as the genome-scale dataset, offering a foundation to develop more efficient diagnostic tools in this species group.Item type: Item , Diagnostic Characters within ITS2 DNA Support Molecular Identification of Anastrepha suspensa (Diptera: Tephritidae)(Florida Entomological Society, 2017) Barr, N.; Ruiz-Arce, R.; Obregón, O.; Shatters, R.; Norrbom, A.L.; Nolazco, N.; Thomas, D.An approximately 220 bp fragment of the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) was screened as a diagnostic trait of Anastrepha suspensa (Loew) (Diptera: Tephritidae) and other pest fruit fly species in the genus Anastrepha. The majority (96%) of the sites in this fragment were invariant among the test species, but A. suspensa can be separated from other species by using 2 diagnostic characters. Similarly, A. ludens (Loew) and A. obliqua (Macquart) can be distinguished from other species based on 1 fixed character each. There is evidence of intraspecific ITS2 variation in 5 species tested, consistent with species complexes and incomplete homogenization through the process of concerted evolution.Item type: Item , Nuevo depositorio para paratipos de la especie Metaphycus zdeneki Noyes & Lozada, 2005 (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae)(Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2018) Lozada, P.W.; Aliaga-Camarena, J.Se designan cuatro paratipos, un macho y tres hembras, de la especie Metaphycus zdeneki Noyes & Lozada, 2005, como depositados en la colección de insectos del Servicio Nacional de Sanidad Agraria (SENASA), Lima, Perú. El holotipo y demás paratipos se encuentran depositados en el Natural History Museum (BMNH), Londres, Inglaterra, y Museo de Historia Natural, UNMSM (MUSM), Lima, Perú.Item type: Item , First Report of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Tropical Race 4 Causing Fusarium Wilt in Cavendish Bananas in Peru(The American Phytopathological Society, 2022) Acuna, R.; Rouard, M.; Leiva, A.M.; Marques, C.; Olortegui, J.A.; Ureta, C.; Cabrera-Pintado, R.M.; Rojas, J.C.; Lopez-Alvarez, D.; Cenci, A.; Cuellar, W.J.; Dita, M.Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Tropical Race 4 (Foc TR4), the causal agent of Fusarium wilt of banana (FWB), is currently the major threat to the banana industry worldwide (Dita et al. 2018). Restricted to South Asia for more than 20 years, Foc TR4 has spread in the last years to the Middle East, Mozambique, and Colombia (García-Bastidas et al. 2020; https://pestdisplace.org/embed/news/map/disease/11).
